Circuit-breaker tripping apparatus.



W. M. SCOTT.

GIRGUIT BREAKER TRIPPING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 23, 1913.

1,123,809, Patented Jan.5,1915.

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awuemto p kzm @M W. M. SCOTT.

CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIPPING APPARATUS.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 23, 1913.

1,128,809. Patents d Jan.5,1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W. M. SCOTT.

CIRCUIT BREAKER THIPPING APPARATUS.

. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 23, 1913. 3 09 Patented Jan. 5,1915.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3 Fiy. 6.

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WILLIAM H. sco'rr', or Meme, rnwsrwimr.

CIRCUIT-BREAKER Tmrme APPARATUS.

' Specification erratum resent Patented Jan.- 5, 1915.

Application filed June 22, 1913. 'sriat 1%. 775,191.

To all whom it ma concern Be it knownthat I, WILLIAM M. Sco'rr, a V citizen of the United States, residing at Radnor, county of Delaware, State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in' Circuit-Breaker Tripping Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to electro-magnetic means which may be used for various purposes such as for tripping switches or automatic circuit breakers;

It is the object of my invention to provide electro-magnetic means which shall act upon change in relation between phases of a poly-phase circuit or system, as upon phase reversal, to directly and of itself produce the force necessary for actuating the latch or other restraining means of a switch or circuit breaker; and it is a further object of my invention to produce a structure for the above mentioned purposes which shall be of relatively small sizeand dimensions and which, notwithstanding its relatively small dimensions and relatively high power, shall rise in temperature to only a moderate de gree such as is commonly allowable in elec trical apparatus;

To these ends I provide electro-magnets' having independent magnetic circuits, a winding of one magnetic circuit connected in circuit with a winding of another magnetic circuit in one of the phases of a polyphase circuit; and other windings on the difl erent magnetic circuits connected inficircuit with each other in another phase of the poly-phase circuit.

l\- y invention resides in the apparatus I hereinafter described and claimed.

For an illustration of one of the forms my invention may take reference is to be fhad to the accompanying drawings, in

which:

grammatic view illustrating a system of ployed'. Fig. 7 shows modified connections;

Referring to the drawings, in which like parts are designated by like reference characters, B represents any suitable base or support, preferably of insulating material, such as the marble, slate or the like, of a switch board. Upon the base B are disposed the main terminal blocks 1 and 2 of the circuit breaker, electrical communication wit theseterminal blocks being atforded by the studs or conductors 3 and 4, respectively.- Adapted to bridge and electrically connect the terminal'blocks 1 and 2 is the movable contact member 5, such as a laminated contact member, carried by the arm 6 pivoted at 7 in the bracket or housing 8, secured upon the base B. Pivoted to the arm 6 at 9 is the link 10 pivoted at 11 to the link 12 which is in turn, pivoted to the housing or bracket 8 at 13,} the operating lever 14 being integral with} the link 12. The links 10 and 12 constitute a toggle, which, in the circuit closing position illustrated in Fig. 1, is undertraveled. And pivoted at 11 is the dog latch 16 whose free end thrusts against the roller 17 pivoted at 18to the housing 8. Pivoted at 18 is the latch actuator member 19 having the jaw 20 loosely embracing the pin 7 carried by the housing 8, thus allowing restricted pivotal movement 'of the member 19. The member 19 has a stop 22 against which the dog latch 16 normally engages. And the member '19 carries a projection 23 against which is adapted to engage the lug- 24 on the member 14:. Pivot'ed at 18 isthe member 25 to which is secured the bar 31. I A, p

A. stationary shunt contact is shown at 27 and theco6peratingmovable contact 28 is carried by the arm 6 and has a connection with the lower 'terminal block 2. Intermediate stationary and movable metallic shunt contacts 29 and 30 may be provided.

The'apparatus herein described is shown in association with a. two phase circuit, the

circuit breaker being a double pole circuit breaker with a pole in each phase as indicated in Figs, 5 and 6. The arms 14 of the mechanisms-for the two poles are mechanicallv connectedby the bar 15" to which the single handle grip 15 is' secured. The mechanism for each pole has the terminal blocks,

movable contact member and operating mechanism, latch, etc., as described in connection with Fig 1. The members 25 for both poles are mechanically interconnected by the bar 31 to which may be secured the lever 32 having the push button 33 which may be actuated by an operator to trip the circuit breaker mechanism at will independ ently of the electro-magnetic tripping mechanism. The tail piece 26 is secured to the member 31 and extends into the path of travel of the lug or projection 34 secured to the armature mechanism of the electromagnetic tripping means. 'This armature mechanism comprises preferably laminated iron armature member 35 which may be magnetically independent of the second iron armature member 36. The armature 'members 35 and 36 are secured by bolts or riv ets 37, preferably of nonmagnetic material, to the member 38 which may be of nonmagnetic material. The armature mechanism is supported by and pivoted to the brackets 39 carrying pivot screws '40 extending through the bracket members 39 into the pivot holes 41 in the member 38. The bracket 39 supports the armature mechanism in such position that the armature 35 is disposed in, front of the poles 42 and 43 ofelectro=magnets 44 and 45; and the armature member .36 is similarly disposed in front of the poles 46 and 47 ofelectromagnets 48 and 49. The adjustable screws 50 and 51 extend through armature member 36 at '52 and 53, respectively. and engage the magnetic poles 46 and 47, respectiyely, these screws 50 and 51 being preferably of non-magnetic material such as brass. When the armature mechanism is in the position shown in Fig. 1 the adjustment of the screws-50 and 5lis preferably such that the air gaps between armature members 35 and 36 and their coijperating poles are. substantially equal.

Referring now to Fig. 6, 54 and 55 are the two conductors of one phase, X, of a poly-phase system, such as a two phase system, of which the other phase is Y- provided with conductors 56 and 57. From conductor 55 extends conductor 3 to the upper terminal block 1 of the circuit breaker pole w for phase X. Connection is made from conductor 4 to a consumption circuit or translating device whose other terminal connects with conductor 54; and similarly conductor 3 extends from conductor 56 to upper terminal block 1 of the circuit breaker pole y for phase Y, the conductor i connecting to a consumption circuit or translating device whose other terminal connects with the conductor 57 When the circuit breaker is in circuit closing position the movable contact 58 is in engagement with stationary contact 59. --Accordingly current flows from conductor 55 through conductor 3,-terminal windings and 49.

block 1, contact 58, contact 59, conductor 60 through the electro-magnet windings 44 and- 48 thence through conductor 61 to conductor 54. By this means the electro-magnet windings 44 and 48 are connected in circuit in shunt to the phase X. And similarly the magnet windings 45 and 49 and non-inductive resistance 62, are connected in shunt with phase Y-through conductor 63, movable contact 64, stationary contact 65, and conductor 66.

As shown the magnet cores 42 and 43 have a common yoke 67, of magnetic material, while magnet poles 46 and 47 have the common magnetic yoke 68.

The magnet winding 44 has a greater number of turns than the magnet winding 45; and similarly the magnet winding 48 has a greater number of turns than the magnet winding 49. Or the sum of the turns of windings 44 and 48 may be greater than the sum of the turns of the windings 45 and 49; the resistance of coils 44 and 48 is in either case preferably made low. The magnet windings 44 and 48, particularly if of the same size wire used for the windings 45 and 49 have greater. resistances than Accordingly a resistance 62 may be employed in the circuit of windings 45 and 49 to prevent too great a current through windings 45 and 49 which would cause them to overheat. It is to be understood however that the resistance 62 may be omitted and the resistance of windings 45 and 49 increased so that they themselves suliiciently limit the current flow through them to prevent overheating. But

in such case the coils 45 and 49 would be unduly larger or longer to radiate the heat developed. And it is to be understood also that an additional resistance may be placed in the circuit of windings 44 and 48 if desired to further limit the current flowing through them and thereby limit their heating. And in any case, the ampere turns in coils 44 and 48 are or may be greater than the ampere turns in coils 45 and 49, or .the reverse may be true, with the result that for all relat ons of the phases the magnetic circuit of coils 44 and 45 and magnetic circuit of coils 48 and 49 are very considerably magnetized; y

The operation is as follows: The amount of inductance in coils44 and 48 being greater than the amount of inductance in coils 45 and 49, as when the coils 44 and 48 have greater number of turns or ampere turns than coils 45 and 49, when the relation of phases X and Y with respect to each other is the proper or desired one, coils 44 and 45 5 substantial pull or attractive force on the 13 movable tripping member above its pivot 40; and since coils 48 and 49 tend to produce unlike poles there is a'greater flux produced by them exerting a greater pull or attractive force on that side of the attracted element or tripping member below its pivot 40, Fig. l; but the attracted element or tripping member is prevented from movement by the screws 50 and 51. Accordingly when therelation of the phases is the roper or desired onethe circuit breaker Wlll remain in circuit closing position as indicated in Figs. 1 and 6. If however the relation of the phases should become reversed, as by interchanging conductors 56 and 57 of phase Y, the direction of current flow through coils 45 and 49 will be the reverse of that above considered. Accordingly coils 48 and 49 will tend to produce similar poles, but since the coil 48 produces greater number of ampere turns than coil 49 there is a substantial and considerable magneticfiux exerting a considerable pull or attractive forceon the tripping member below its pivot 40. But now coils 44 and 45 tend to produce unlike poles and therefore produce the larger fiux exerting a pull or attractive force on the tripping member above its pivot 40 greater than the attractive force exerted thereon by coils 48 and 49. Accordingly the position of the resultant effect of the fluxes which caused a greater pull on .the pivoted tripping member below pivot 40 when the phases were properly related, has been shifted to the other .side of the pivot, that is, above the pivot 40, withresultant movement of the pivoted tripping member in a counter-clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 1, upon its pivots 40 and the projection or lug 34 strikes tail piece 26, causing rotation of both members 25 in a clockwise direction about their pivots 18 causing them to engage-their latch actuators 19 rotating them a limited distance upon their pivots 18 in a clockwise direction, causing their abutments 22 to move their dog latches 16 in a counter-clockwise direction upon their pivots 11 free from their rollers 1?, allowing the toggles 10, 12 to collapse and the bridging members 6 to rotate in a clockwise direction away from their main contact ter minals 1 and 2, "the intermediate shunt contacts 30 and 29 and the contacts 28 and 27 successively separating in each circuit breaker pole, with the result that the circuit through eachcircuit breaker pole is broken, thus rupturing the circuit of both of the phases. As the bridging members 6 move to open circuit position as described, contact 58 separates from contact-59 and contact. 64 separates from contact 65 with the result that the circuits through the magnet windings are also interrupted.

In Fig. 7 I have shown similar electromagnetic means associated with a threephase. Here again, upon a relative change among the three phases, as upon phase reversal, the normally more powerfully attracted member 36 becomes the less powerfully attracted and the armature member 35 becomes the more powerfully attracted with the resultant tripping of the circuit breaker mechanism as previously described.

As to both Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 it is to be understood that the relative directions of current flow around the magnet cores or poles may be other than those illustrated.

By the apparatus herein described a circuit breaker is tripped upon a change in the relation of the phases, and force sufficient to directly trip the breaker is supplied by .the electro-magnetic means described; and these electro-magnetic means are comprised of independent magnetic circuits, with a winding for each magnetic circuit connected in circuit with each of the phases.

What I claim is:

1.- The combination with a source of polyphase current, of electro-magnetic windings connected in different phase circuits of said source, a member i1pon which the attractive forces produced by said windings is exerted,

. said windings being so'disposed with respect to said member that the resultant of their attractive forces is shifted from normal position to another position with respect to said member upon change in relation between the phases of said source of current.

2. The combination with a source of poly. phase current, of electro magneticwindings connected in different phase circuits of said source, said phasecircuits of said windings having different inductances, a member upon which the attractive forces produced by said windings are exerted, said windings being so disposed with respectto said member that the resultant of their attractive forces is shifted from normal position to another position with respect to said mem-' ber upon change in relation between the phases of said source of current.

3. The combination wiph a source of polyphase current, of electro-magnet windings connected in different phase circuits of said source, said phase circuits of said windings having different inductances and resistances, a member upon which theattractive ,forces produced by said windingsare exerted, said windings belng so disposed with respect to said member that the resultant of their attractive forces is shifted from normal position to another position with respect to said member upon change in relation between the phases of said source of current.

4. The combination with a sou ced-poly phase current, of electro-magnet windings connected in different phase circuits of said source, a pivoted member upon which the attractive forces produced by said windings are exerted, said windingsbe'ing so disposed with respect to said member that the resultant of their attractive forces is shifted from one side of the pivotal axis of said member to the other side of said axis upon change in relation between the phases of said source of current.

5. The combination witha source of polyphase current, of electro-magnet windings connected in different phase circuits of said source, said phase circuits of said windings:

a pivoted member upon'which the attractive forces produced by said windings are exerted, said windings so disposed with respect to said member that their attractive forces is shifted from one side of the pivotal axis of said member to the other side of said axis upon change in relation between the phases of said source of current.

7. The combination with a movablecon tact member of a switch, of means for restraining the same in normal position, electro-magnetic means for actuating said restraining means to free said contact member comprising a plurality of electro-magnet windings and a movable tripping member controlled thereby, a polyphase system, said electro-magnet windings connected in the different phase circuits of said system, said windings being so disposed with respect to said tripping member that the resultant of their attractive forces exerted thereon is shifted from normal position to another position with respect to said member upon change in relation between the phases of said source of current.

8. The combination with a movable-contact member of a switch, of means forrestraining the same in normal position, electro-magnetic means for actuating said restraining means to free said contact member comprising armature members and a plurality of electro-magnet windings exerting attractive forces on each of said armature members, a polyphase system, said electromagnet windings connected in difierent phase circuits of said system.

windings connected in different phase circuits of said system.

10. The combination with a movable contact member of a switch, of means for restraining the same in normal position, elec-- tro-magnetic means for actuating said restraining means to free said contact member comprising mechanically united armature members and a plurality of electro-magnet windings exerting attractive forces on each ofsaid armature members, a polyphase system, said electro-magnet windings connected in different phase circuits of said system, said armature members being disposed on opposite sides of a pivot.

11. Means responsive to reversal of phase in a polyphase system comprising armature members and a plurality of electro-magnet windings connected in the different phase circuits of said polyphase system cooperati'ng with each of said armature members, the number of turns of the windings in. one phase circuit being greater than the number of turns of windings in another phase circuit.

12. Means responsive to reversal of phase in a polyphase system comprising armature members and a plurality of electro-magnet windings connected in the difierent phase circuits of said polyphase system coeperating with each of said armature members, the inductances of the different phase circuits being unequal.

l3. Meansresponsive to reversal of phase in a polyphase system comprising armature members and a plurality of electro-magnet windings connected in the different phase circuits of said polyphase system coiiperating with each of said armature members, the inductances and resistances of the different phase circuits being unequal.

14. Means responsive to reversal of phase in a polyphase system comprising armature members and a plurality of electro-magnet windings connected in the different phase circuits of said polyphase system coiiperating with each of. said armature members, the number of turns of the windings in one phase circuit beinggreater than the number 15. Means responsive to reversal of phase in a polyphase system compr1s1ng armature members and a plurality of electro-magnet in the different phase circuits of said polyphase system cooperating with each of said armature members,

' the inductances of the different phase circuits being unequal, said armature members being on opposite sides of a pivot.

16. Means responsive to reversal of phase in a polyphase system comprising armature members and a plurality of electro-magnet windings connected in the different phase circuits of said polyphase system cooperating with each of said armature members, the inductances and resistances of the difierent phase circuits being unequal, said armature members being on opposite sides of apivot. p

17. The combination with a source of two-phase current, of a pair of electromagnets connected in each phase circuit of said source, and a pair of cooperating armature members, each of said armature members cooperating with an electro-magnet connected in'each phase circuit.

18. The combination with a source of two-phase current, of a pair of electromagnets connected in each phase circuit of said source, and a pair of mechanically connected armature members, each of said armature members cooperating withone of' said electro-magnets connected in each phase circuit.

19. The combination with a sourceof two-phase current, of a pair of electroma sai source, a pair of mechanically connected armature members; each cf said armature members cooperating with one of said electro-magnets connected in each phase circuit, and a pivotal support for said armature members disposed between them. 7

20. The combination with a source of two-phase current, of a pair of electromagnets connected in each phase circuit of said source, and a pair of armature members,; each of said armature members cooperating with one of said electro-magnets connected in each phase circuit, the circuits 'of said pairs of electro-magnets having different impedancesa 21. The combination with a source of two-phase current, of a pair of electro magnets connected in each phase circuit of said source, and a pair of mechanically connected armature members, each of said armature members. cooperating with one of said electro-magnets connected in each phase circuit, the circuits of said pairs of electro-magnets having different impedances.

22. The combination with a source of two-phasec'urrent, of a pair of electrosai nected armature members, each of said armature members cooperating w th one of I ma ets connected in each phase circuit of source, a pair of mechanlcally conets connected in each phase ci rcuitof said electro-magnets connected in each phase circuit, and a pivotal support for said armature members disposed between them, the circuits of said pairs of electromagnets having different impedances.

25. The combination with a source of three-phase current, of two pairs of electromagnets, a t rminal of each pair c mlected with one conductor of said three-phase source, the remaining terminals of said pairs connected respectively with the remaining conductors of said source, and a' with one conductor of said three-phase source, the remaining terminals of said pairs connected respectively with the remaining conductors of said source, a pair. of mechan callyconnected'armature members cooperating with one electro-magnet of each pair, and a pivot for said armature members disposed between them. I

26. The combination with a source of three-phase current, of two pairs of electromagnets a terminal of each pair connected with o e conductor of said three-phase source, the remaining terminals of said pairs connected respectively with the remaining conductors of said source, and a pair of armature members each cooperating with one-electro-magnet of each pair, the circuits of said pairs of electro-magnets having different impedances.

27. The combination with a source of three-phase current, of two pairs of electromagnets, a terminal of each pair connected with one conductor of said three-phase source, the remaining terminals of said pairs connected respectively with the remainin conductors of said source, and a pair 0 mechanically connected armature gnembers cooperating with one electro-magnet of each pair, the circuits of said pairs of electro-magnets for difi'erent'impedances.

"Q28. The combination with a source of three-phase current, of two pairs of electromagnets, a terminal of each pair connected with one conductor of said three-phase source, theremaining terminals of said 'pairs connected respectively with the remaining conductors of said source, a pair of mechanically conneeted armature'members afiixed my signature in the presence of the coiiperating with one electro-magnet of each two subscribing Witnesses. pair and a pivot for said armature mem- @M bers disposed between them, the circuits of WILLI 5 said pairs of electro-magnets having difier- Witnesses:

ent impedances. A. S. MARSH,

In testimony whereof I have hei'eunto N. B. EVANS. 

